Brownfields are industrial or otherwise developed areas that have been affected by former users or surrounding activities and so are underused or unusable and require remediation before being further developed. Kalundborg symbiosis figure 1 is an example on the great potential of the circular economy and the green transition. The industrial symbiosis at kalundborg, denmark the industrial. The industrial symbiosis project at kalundborg, denmark 100 kilometers west of copenhagen, population of approximately 15,000, is a model of environmental sustainability. The history of kalundborg industrial symbiosis activities began in 1961 when a project was developed and implemented to use surface water from lake tisso for a new oil refinery, to save the limited supplies of. Novo nordisk, novozymes, statoil, dong energy, saintgobain. Industrial symbiosis ecoindustrial development section update august 15, 2010 october 15, 2010 international society for industrial ecology peter lowitt, faicp this update service is provided by the industrial symbiosis ecoindustrial development section of the international society for industrial ecology. Gyproc a swedish company producing plasterboard for the building industry. Social dilemmas in stimulating ecoindustrial parks frank boons and marco a. It is important to point out that the example of kalundborg in denmark strictly speaking is an example of anindustrial network, and not an industrial estate. Especially because it is not a static collaboration, but constantly being renewed to continue to be advantageous for all parties and for the environment. Zimmerman 2 1department of ecology and evolutionary biology, university of arizona, tucson, arizona 85721 usa. In equinor, health and safety are always our top prioritybut the magnitude of the corona crisis calls for a broader contribution.
Kalundborg municipality has approximately 20,000 inhabitants, and its network is the most published example of industrial symbiosis. Many enterprises within kalundborg, not just its coal power plants and oil refineries, have agreed in an industrial symbiosis to utilize each others waste products in a rotating local cycle. The kalundborg ecoindustrial park is the first full realization of industrial symbiosis. The kalundborg symbiosis demonstrates that with the right technology and treatment wastewater from one company can be used as a resource in another companys production. This is of special interest to food and beverage companies, since used process water can be sold on to industries with less strict water regulation. Vilardell purti is a company that manufactures screws for industries like the automotive, home appliances and aerospace. Kalundborg symbiosis is a network run by various companies and it has enjoyed continuous growth and development over the last four decades. Case studykalundborg 1 the industrial symbiosis in kalundborg, denmark.
The kalundborg center for industrial symbiosis was established and financed by symbiosis partners with the following objectives followup on the current kalundborg symbiosis. As a result, industrial symbiosis could produce fewer transportationrelated emissions. Jun 20, 2019 kalundborg symbiosis is a great example on how companies can establish shared engagement and commitment in the is, thus avoid experiencing usual issues with quality or material flow and instead exploring opportunities for further collaboration valentine, 2016. In total, the environmental savings realized by this chemical industrial cluster are significant, and industrial symbiosis is an important way for government to meet its environmental goals and promote this ecoindustrial model in china. Today, over 30 waste streams exist between partners. A circular economy seeks to rebuild capital, whether this is financial, manufactured, human, social or natural. As natural ecosystems, the industrial system can be described as a particular distribution of. The town of kalundborg, which receives excess heat fromasnaes for its residential district heating system. It is based on a close social relationship between the key actors, the chief execu tives of the companies involved. The general mode of translation inhibition by macrolide antibiotics krishna kannana,1, pinal kanabarb, david schryerc, tanja florina,d, eugene ohe,f,g,2, neil. Kalundborg industrial symbiosis facilitates the possibility for companies to cooperate and utilise each others residuals and byproducts.
The general mode of translation inhibition by macrolide. Symbiosis through exploitation and the merger of lineages in evolution richard law1 and ulf dieckmann2 1department of biology, universityofyork, pobox 373,yorkyo10 5yw, uk 2adaptive dynamics network, international instituteforapplied systems analysis, a2361laxenburg, austria a model for the coevolution of two species in facultative symbiosis is used to investigate conditions under. Industrial symbiosis is practiced in several other locations around the world, but not to the extent of kalundborg. No significant differences were found in n content, while a significant variation was detected when p was evaluated. Kalundborg symbiosis is based upon commercial agreements between independent partners. Industrial symbiosis is an effective green business model that reduce production costs and increase competitiveness and growth potential for industries. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Public perception, understanding, and values the industrial. Symbiosis through exploitation and the merger of lineages.
Application of this concept allows materials to be used in a more. Kalundborg, denmark, is a leading example of industrial symbiosis is. An opportunity to increase production without consuming more energy, water or natural resources. In the european union, the commissions attention has been captured by danish industrial symbioses.
Pdf confusion has plagued the definition of the term symbiosis for over years. May 28, 2002 the keys to industrial symbiosis are collaboration and the synergistic possibilities o. Bioteknisk jordrens a soil remediation company that joined the symbiosis in 1998. The danish model, kalundborg symbiosis, is an outstanding example of how the process works. An industrial symbiosis constitutes a local partnership where, partners provide, share and reuse resources to create shared value. Oct 01, 2016 symbiosis means coexistence between diverse organisms in which each may benefit from the other. Kalundborg symbiosis is the worlds first working industrial symbiosis. Circular economy system diagram ellen macarthur foundation. Kalundborg municipality using residual stream dong gyproc naming the system. Our purpose is to drive change to defeat diabetes and other serious chronic diseases such as obesity and rare blood and endocrine disorders. Now, more than ever, safety and caring for people comes first. One partners bi product is the raw material in another partners production. Industrial ecology ie is the study of material and energy flows through industrial systems.
Industrial symbiosis ecoindustrial development section update. Industrial symbiosis partners forming the symbiosis center kalundborg symbiosis is formed as an association green energy. Ecoindustrial park development a guide for north america. Kalundborg symbiosis the worlds first industrial symbiosis. Pdf structure and morphology of industrial symbiosis networks. The challenge is to merge them into a single approach. Many of these are also only between two enterprises. Industrial symbiosis is the process by which wastes or by. The shift to a circular economy requires innovative business models that either replace existing ones or seize new opportunities. At the left side the mbt, at the right the rdfheat and power plant, between the plants the heatsteam and material pipe, above the connection to the heat grid of the.
The central idea is the analogy between natural and sociotechnical systems. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Drug abuse prevention curricula in schools springerlink. The vision of kalundborg symbiosis is to be the worlds leading industrial symbiosis with a circular approach to production. The kalundborg symbiosis in denmark, which has been. After a short trip to new castle county, they returned to the west line with some new ideas for speeding up the work. Industrial ecology is the shifting of industrial process from linear open loop systems, in which resource and capital investments move through the system to become waste, to a closed loop system where wastes become inputs for new processes. Kalundborg ecoindustrial park is an industrial symbiosis network located in kalundborg, denmark, in which companies in the region collaborate to use each others byproducts and otherwise share resources.
Kalundborg industrial symbiosis utilising byproducts. Novo nordisk is a leading global healthcare company, founded in 1923 and headquartered in denmark. Kalundborg municipality using residual stream orsted gyproc naming the system. The system diagram illustrates the continuous flow of technical and biological materials through the value circle. The relationships among the firms comprising the kalundborg ecoindustrial park form an industrial symbiosis. Kalundborg symbiosis effective industrial symbiosis.
Kalundborg symbiosis, also focuses on how the municipality is actively striving to be a facilitator for new symbiotic relations between the companies involved, and is using kalundborg symbiosis itself as an example of how sustainable change and green growth can flourish in a local community. The main principle is that a residue from one company becomes a ressource in another. Industrial symbiosis is engages traditionally separate industries in a collective approach to competitive advantage involving the physical exchange of material, energy, water, andor byproducts. Industrial symbiosis partners forming the symbiosis center kalundborg symbiosis formed as an association 2017 symbiosis center denmark surface water tisso kalundborg municipality algae plant kalundborg municipality novozymes green energy. Kalundborg symbiosis has 40 years of experience in industrial symbiosis, cooperation between companies and today the symbiosis is an international brand. Structure and morphology of industrial symbiosis networks. Symbiosis without mutualism and the merger of lineages in. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Western powers integrated wood processing demonstration plant. The project has attracted a good deal of international attention. Greet van eetvelde abstract rising pressure on the economical system, the ecological equilibrium and the public support due to the exponential growth of mobility issues requires innovative actions from companies, government and public. The global industrial economy can be modelled as a network of industrial processes that extract resources from the earth and transform those resources into commodities which can be bought and sold to meet t.
The industrial symbiosis complex in kalundborg, denmark is the seminal example of industrial symbiosis in the industrial ecology literature. Economic and environmental impacts from industrial. This result expands the set of initial conditions from which the separate lineages can be expected to merge into symbiotic units, and argues against any automatic assumption of mutualism between organism with a long history of symbiosis. More recently, the famous case of the kalundborg symbiosis was the. But to implement an industrial symbiosis takes time and resources and requires data, mutual trust and knowledge sharing between the partners as well as network relations, facilitation and support. We do so by pioneering scientific breakthroughs, expanding access to our medicines and working to prevent and ultimately cure disease. Today kalundborg symbiosis is made up of the municipality of kalundborg and seven privately held companies.
Companies with significant market share and capabilities along several vertical steps of the linear value chain could play a major role in circular economy innovation and driving circularity into the mainstream by leveraging their scale and vertical integration. Building blocks of a circular economy circular economy. Read chapter the industrial symbiosis at kalundborg, denmark. The benefits and costs of converting waste to energy in. The kalundborg industrial park is located in denmark. In the ancient harbor town of kalundborg, denmark, various processing companies, a waste handling company, and the municipality of kalunborg participate in industrial symbiosis. Industrial ecology is a concept that has emerged in response to growing public concern about.
The government should attach importance to industrial symbiosis and make it a feasible method in energy policy. Industrial symbiosis conference interreg deutschlanddanmark. Appendix a the industrial symbiosis at kalundborg denmark. Each individual symbiosis project has reduced production costs andor the intake. Kalundborg copenhagen jutland funen zealand may 2005 3.
This industrial park is special because companies reuse each others waste which then. Is is where coordination among different kinds of industrial operations enables the use of each others byproducts and wastes, closing loops of energy, water, materials and waste. The industrial symbiosis at kalundborg, denmark presented at the national academy of engineering international conference on industrial ecology irvine, california, may 9, 1994 by henning grann, statoil reprinted with permission of the author background the concept of sustainable development is being widely referred to by politicians, authorities, industrialists, and the. In short, kalundborg is a typical industrial city, a nexus of trade whose firms import and export numerous components and products on a worldwide scale gertler 1995. Kalundborg symbiosis is the worlds first industrial symbiosis and has evolved over the past 50 the cooperation between the companies in the symbiosis provides mutual benefits, economical as well as environmental. Testing the boundaries and advancing knowledge article pdf available in journal of industrial ecology 161. Industrial ecology academic dictionaries and encyclopedias. Journal of cleaner production lee kuan yew school of. Developing an internal and external communication system to disseminate information and experience. Life cycle assessment of industrial symbiosis in songmudao. The history of the industrial symbiosis at kalundborg, denmark 1 industrial symbiosis what is an industrial. This causes a closedcycle of waste products, including residue and byproducts, between enterprises and authorities.
A guide for north american officials, koenig et al. In kalundborg six partners constitute the symbiotic network and the danish experience has brought worldwide attention. Two traits evolve in each species, the first affecting loss of resources from an individual. Another small step forward to the kalundborg industrial.
Definition capture, recovery and reuse of previously discarded resources from one industrial operation by other, traditionally. Developing a database for kalundborg symbiosis and other successful case studies. The company, which was founded in 1923, located in kalundborg in 1969, back in the days when insulin was still extracted a natural fit. The collaboration and its environmental implications arose unintentionally through private initiatives, as. An sample of successful industrial symbiosis is kalundborg it is the worlds first industrial symbiosis site, and has been in operation for more than 30 years. First symbiosis project steam supply using residual stream naming the system. Pdf within the field of industrial ecology, industrial symbiosis is has emerged as a body of. Today, we are back in our office in kalundborg after three days in st petersburg, russias secondlargest city, where we participated in xviii annual strategic planning leaders forum of the regions and cities of russia. Urban baltic industrial symbiosis umbrella project. Social aspects of industrial symbiosis networks vol. The development of industrial symbiosis in kalundborg, denmark has been described as an evolutionary process in which a number of independent byproduct exchanges have gradually evolved into a.
Industrial symbiosis challenges and solutions conference, vilnius oct. Kalundborg symbiosis, denmark the first full realisation of industrial symbiosis was the case of kalundborg in denmark. Kalundborg, identified in the literature as a model of industrial symbiosis networks, has been selected as the paradigmatic case. Kalundborg has a population of just 16,000 inhabitants and lies 110 km west of copenhagen. Kalundborg symbiosis, stressing the complex interplay of technical and social forces. In the region of north jutland in denmark, the network for sustainable business coordinates and manages current industrial symbiosis activity. The global industrial economy can be modelled as a network of industrial processes that extract resources from the earth and transform those resources into commodities which can be bought and sold to meet the needs of humanity.
Furthermore, many of kalundborg s plants are subsidiaries of foreignowned corporations statoil is a norwegian firm, gyproc is owned by a dutch company, etc. The founders were concerned that joining the social. Economic and environmental impacts from industrial symbiosis exchanges. Situated in kalundborg, denmark, the symbiosis is based on publicprivate partnerships, with exchanges of energy, water and materials in closed loops. In this context, industrial symbiosis 1 holds huge potential. It is not an exaggeration to claim that kalundborg is on the verge of setting off the 21st century ecoindustrial revolution, with the subject of waste management being approached from an eco friendly position. Feb 18, 2015 the industrial symbiosis at kalundborg is a popular example for industrial synergies since it demonstrates some of the key elements necessary for successful ecoindustrial devel opment. The kalundborg symbiosis came into being as a result of private conversations between a few enterprise managers from the kalundborg. Pdf how policies influence the implementation of industrial. A model for the coevolution of two species in facultative symbiosis is used to investigate conditions under which species merge to form a single reproductive unit. Industrial ecology wikimili, the free encyclopedia. Among the companies located in kalundborg today, the biggest is novo nordisk, the worlds largest supplier of insulin.
The potential of industrial symbiosis as a key driver of. Industrial ecology, industrial symbiosis and gis 1. Social network analysis sna has been adopted here as the main methodological framework and has been applied to the is network in kalundborg denmark. The potential of industrial symbiosis as a key driver of green growth in nordic regions ingrid h g johnsen ed.
The collaboration has evolved gradually and organically. The term organicallyevolving has been used in reference to the ks because it is a network of private and public entities that. Industrial symbiosis partners forming the symbiosis center kalundborg symbiosis formed as an association 2017 symbiosis center denmark surface water algae plant green energy 2012. The industrial symbiosis at kalundborg, denmark the. The key lies in carefully selecting processes and combining industries that. Industrial ecology ie is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the sustainable combination of environment, economy and technology. Granger morgan as with many other problems in engineering, what the public knows and thinks can have important implications for the design and the success of the various systems and activities that are loosely termed industrial ecology. At the biogas plant biogas is produced and upgraded to natural gas quality through a refining process where carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide are removed from the product. In 2015 the eu issued an action plan for the circular economy, the intention of which is to. It has achieved significant environmental and economic returns. Sagunto can be considered as a kernel of an is network, where some is exchanges are taking place but the full potential of is opportunities is far from being achieved. As such, industrial symbiosis is not simply a passive examination or description of resource.
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